c++ - why does these toupper work different when utilized like this? -


why 1 give me int , other doesn't?:

    toupper(member_names[2]);

and:

    member_names[2] = toupper(member_names[2]);

toupper takes character (encoded int mostly-historical reasons) , returns upper-case equivalent of character.

therefore, first version doesn't accomplish anything. second converts member_names[2] upper-case equivalent.

also note (in implementations) char can have negative value (e.g., accented characters in iso 8859-*). passing negative value toupper can/will lead (serious) problems--unless member_names array of unsigned char, want case unsigned char before passing toupper:

member_names[2] = toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(member_names[2]));

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